The topic of same-sex behavior in animals has gained significant scientific interest over the years. Far from being rare, same-sex sexual behavior, courtship, affection, pair bonding, and even co-parenting have been observed in over 1,500 animal species across various taxonomic groups, including mammals, birds, reptiles, insects, and fish. This demonstrates that diverse forms of sexual expression are a natural part of the animal kingdom.
Scientists use the term “same-sex sexual behavior” (SSSB) to describe these interactions, as applying human concepts of “gay” or “homosexual orientation” directly to animals can be complex. While some species, like a percentage of male domesticated sheep, do show exclusive same-sex preferences, in most cases, same-sex behavior appears to be part of an animal’s broader sexual repertoire, often alongside heterosexual activity. This might make the animal “bisexual” in human terms, though the motivations can vary.
The reasons behind Do animals exhibit same-sex behavior? are diverse and are still being explored. These behaviors can serve various functions beyond reproduction, such as reducing social tension, strengthening social bonds, establishing dominance hierarchies, or even as practice for heterosexual mating. The widespread occurrence of SSSB across so many species highlights the rich complexity of animal behavior.